Inteligencia artificial y sociedad: avances, desafíos y perspectivas éticas en la era digital

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a profound agent of transformation across multiple social, economic, and industrial sectors, generating significant impacts on both process optimization and everyday human life. This study, based on a systematic literature review of recent publications, analyzes the evolution, applications, and effects of AI from a comprehensive perspective. Models such as artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms are addressed, highlighting their effectiveness in outcome prediction, automation, and solving complex problems. At the same time, relevant challenges are acknowledged, such as technological dependence, job displacement, unequal digital access, and ethical dilemmas associated with the use of sensitive data. In the industrial field, AI has led to substantial improvements in operational efficiency and strategic decision-making. In education, it has contributed to personalized learning, though it also raises questions regarding human interaction and critical thinking development. The discussion reveals that the success of these technologies largely depends on data quality, algorithm design, and the ethical regulation guiding their implementation. The conclusion emphasizes the need to implement inclusive public policies, robust regulatory frameworks, and educational strategies that promote a conscious, equitable, and responsible use of artificial intelligence. Only by doing so will it be possible to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks in an increasingly digitized global environment.