Educational assessment: review of alternative models to standardized assessment

Abstract

Educational assessment is undergoing a transformative process, where alternative models aim to complement and overcome the limitations of standardized evaluation. While standardized tests allow for comparisons at national and international levels, they are limited in reducing learning to quantitative indicators, neglecting essential competencies such as creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. In contrast, alternative models, including formative assessment, authentic assessment, competency-based assessment, and inclusive assessment, promote comprehensive learning, active student participation, and contextualized educational processes. The documentary review revealed that the implementation of these strategies enhances feedback, self-regulation, and educational equity, although challenges such as teacher training, adequate resources, and institutional adaptation remain. The findings suggest that educational systems are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine the objectivity of standardized assessments with the depth and flexibility of alternative models. It is concluded that educational assessment should be conceived as a dynamic and transformative process that contributes to the holistic development of students and the continuous improvement of educational quality, fostering meaningful and equitable learning in diverse contexts.