Transformación industrial y ética tecnológica: un análisis del papel de la inteligencia artificial

Abstract

This study critically examines the growing impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on industrial processes and its broader implications for contemporary society. Through a systematic review of recent literature, both the benefits and challenges posed by this technology at various levels are highlighted. AI has radically transformed industrial operations by optimizing processes, reducing human error, increasing productivity, and opening new avenues for innovation. However, these advancements also raise pressing questions about the future of employment, technological equity, data privacy, and ethical concerns surrounding the automation of decision-making. While many studies focus on developed contexts, there remains an analytical gap regarding how such technologies affect regions with limited infrastructure or weaker institutions. In addition, regulatory and ethical voids have been identified, underscoring the urgent need for public policies that ensure the fair, transparent, and responsible use of these tools. The study concludes that a human-centered approach to technological development is essential—one that promotes digital skill-building, fosters digital inclusion, and encourages active participation from all social sectors in the digital transformation. Based on the findings, the study proposes a series of strategic reflections to guide the sustainable and equitable integration of AI into industry, aligned with ethical principles. This work aims to provide a foundation for informed debate and to support future research and institutional decision-making in this critical area of technological advancement.